Absence of room temperature ferromagnetism in bulk Mn-doped ZnO

Structural and magnetic properties have been studied for polycrystalline Zn_1-xMn_xO (x=0.02, 0.03, 0.05). Low-temperature (~500 oC) synthesis leaves unreacted starting ZnO and manganese oxides. Contrary to a recent report, no bulk ferromagnetism was observed for single-phase materials synthesized in air at temperatures above 900 oC. Single-phase samples show paramagnetic Curie-Weiss behavior.Comment: Accepted for publication in J. Appl. Phys., RevTeX, 3 pages, 4 figure

Ukraine and Poland in European Politics on the Eve of Second World War

На основі вітчизняних і зарубіжних джерел проаналізовано і висвітлено основні події, пов’язані з актуалізацією українського та польського питання в політиці провідних європейських країн напередодні Другої світової війни, необхідністю перерозподілу сфер впливу в центрально-східній Європі, що у підсумку спричинило новий етап міжнародної кризи в Європі, який завершився світовою війною. In the article on the basis of home and foreign sources the basic events related to actualization of the Ukrainian and Polish question in politics of the leading European countries on the eve of Second world war caused by the necessity of redistribution of spheres of influence in Central-East Europe, as the result caused the new stage of international crisis in Europe, coming to an end world war, are analyzed and lighted up

Structural and physical properties of SrMn1−xRuxO3SrMn_{1-x}Ru_xO_3 perovskites

We combine the results of magnetic and transport measurements with neutron diffraction data to construct the structural and magnetic phase diagram of the entire family of SrMn$_{1-x}$Ru$_{x}$O$_3$ ($0 \leqslant x \leqslant 1$) perovskites. We have found antiferromagnetic ordering of the C type for lightly Ru-substituted materials ($0.06 \leqslant x \leqslant 0.5$) in a similar manner to $R_{y}$Sr$_{1-y}$MnO$_3$ ($R$=La, Pr), due to the generation of Mn$^{3+}$ in both families of manganite perovskites by either $B$-site substitution of Ru$^{5+}$ for Mn$^{4+}$ or $A$-site substitution of $R^{3+}$ for Sr$^{2+}$. This similarity is driven by the same ratio of $d^4$ / $d^3$ ions in both classes of materials for equivalent substitution level. In both cases, a tetragonal lattice distortion is observed, which for some compositions ($0.06 \leqslant x \leqslant 0.2$) is coupled to a C-type AF transition and results in a first order magnetic and resistive transition. Heavily substituted SrMn$_{1-x}$Ru$_{x}$O$_3$ materials are ferromagnetic due to dominating exchange interactions between the Ru$^{4+}$ ions. Intermediate substitution ($0.6 \leqslant x \leqslant 0.7$) leads to a spin-glass behavior instead of a quantum critical point reported previously in single crystals, due to enhanced disorder.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Integrated assessment of the environmental hazard level of technologies of drilling and blasting operations with using emulsion explosives in quarries

Purpose. Adaptation of the “unified method of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the level of environmental hazard of the operation of industrial enterprises, facilities and introduced technologies in the field of production and ecology” to the technologies of drilling and blasting operations in quarries for extraction of ore and nonmetallic materials with the use of various types of explosives. The methods. They are based on a heuristic evaluation of the impact of priority man-made factors of the technologies used according to the 4-point scale (0, 1, 2, 3), and then – of the complex level of their environmental hazard – according to the total 15-point scale, evenly divided into three qual-itative levels. Findings. The identification of types and sources of environmental hazard for natural environments (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, soils and biota) was performed when using emulsion and TNT-containing explosives during drilling and blasting operations in quarries. The intensity, perio-dicity and consequences of various accompanying man-made factors were taken as the criteria of influence of dangerous impact of technological processes on the condition of the above natural en-vironments. It was found that the integrated level of the environmental hazard of man-made impacts of drilling and blasting operations using emulsion explosives was 2.33, in other words, it was “low”. When using TNT-containing explosives it was 5.00, i.e. appeared on the boundary of the first and the second ranges, where the “low” hazard level changes to “moderate”. This is an evi-dence of a higher (more than 2 times) environmental efficiency of using emulsion explosives com-pared to the use of TNT-containing explosives. The originality. The system of identification and management of environmental and technology-related risks under conditions of extraction of ore and nonmetallic materials in quarries by the drill and blast method was proposed, whereupon an integrated assessment of the level of environmental hazard of mining enterprises is proposed to be defined as a sum of average grade points (for each of the man-made factors) according to quantitative-qualitative scale. Practical implications. The developed methods allow determining with a sufficient degree of reli-ability the level of environmental hazard of existing technologies of drilling and blasting operations and substantiating expediency of change-over to emulsion explosive materials

Electrokinetic potential and stability of SiC suspensions in electrolyte solutions

The dependence of zeta potential on pH of an aqueous Si carbide suspension was studied by an electroosmosis method. The effect of pH on the Si carbide electrical double layer is attributed to the participation of H and OH ions in the surface dissociation reactions of weak acid OH groups on an oxidized carbide surface. Maximum stability of the suspensions was observed at maximum negative zeta potentials

Сучасні підходи до застосування мотивації і стимулювання працівників

Kolesnik, T.V. (2015), “Modern approaches of using motivation and stimulation of employees” [“Suchasni pidkhody do zastosuvannia motyvatsii i stymuliuvannia pratsivnykiv”], Pravo i Bezpeka, No. 3, pp. 114–120.Колєснік, Т. В. Сучасні підходи до застосування мотивації і стимулювання працівників // Право і безпека. - 2015. - № 3 (58). - С. 114–120.Розглянуто шляхи підвищення дисципліни праці працівників. Визначено існуючі проблеми у сфері забезпечення дисципліни праці. Конкретизовано поняття «мотивація», «стимул» та «правовий стимул». Досліджено мотиваційний механізм людини, особливо структуру трудової мотивації працівника в сучасних умовах. Зроблено висновок про залежність дисципліни праці працівника від зовнішнього впливу на нього стимулу і заохочення.The article is devoted to the consideration of the ways to improve the labor discipline of employees. The relevance of this problem is caused by the aggravation of a number of issues of social and economic development of the society that negatively affects the material guaranteeing of employees both by the state and by private entrepreneurs. In the conditions of market economy, employers don’t use various methods of motivation of employees to ensure the labor discipline. The existing problems in the area of guaranteeing discipline are defined in the article. Characteristic features are analyzed; the concepts of «motivation», «stimulus», «legal incentive» are clarified. Motivation presented as two interrelated processes: motivation and stimulation. Stimulation is defined as the management process over an employee’s behavior or a group of employees, which is expressed in a meaningful impact on staff behavior by influencing the conditions of the life and usage of motives that impel such a labor group to work. The importance of legal incentive in the matter of labor discipline is evident, because it is a factor of influence that is used by an employer (or other authorized person) to correct, improve labor behavior of an employee or a group of employees. Common and different features of these concepts are researched. Thus, the fundamental difference between the concepts of «motivation» and «stimulation» is the fact that stimulation is one of the means by the assistance of which motivation can be realized. The following types of motivation like: material, immaterial, moral, organizational are defined and singled out. Motivation mechanisms of a human being are researched, particularly the structure of labor motivation of employees in the modern conditions is studied. Based on the research it is concluded that discipline of employees is almost impossible without external influence on it, which is an incentive and encouragement.Рассмотрены пути повышения дисциплины труда работников. Определены существующие проблемы в сфере обеспечения дисциплины труда. Конкретизированы понятия «мотивация», «стимул» и «правовой стимул». Исследован мотивационный механизм человека, в особенности структура трудовой мотивации работника в современных условиях. Обоснован вывод о зависимости дисциплины труда работника от внешнего влияния на него стимула и поощрения

Law enforcement problems at the appointment of administrative punishment

The present article is designed to draw the attention of readers to the existing problems in law-enforcement activity at the purpose of administrative punishments. In the article the problems of the general and private character which are not known have been analyzed. The attention is focused on an imperfect legislative regulation which, according to authors, is the cornerstone of many problems in law enforcement. Authors consider the problems of interpretation of the concept "administrative punishment" and the questions of the creation of an optimum system of punishments, as prescribed by the administrative law, a prerequisite of a corruption. The provisions of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences provide the choice of a look and the degree of severity of administrative punishments for offenses. As a result, authors formulate conclusions about existence in activity to destination of administrative punishments of essential quantity of unresolved problems, both in a system, and in a private character. Besides corruption provisions of the administrative law, according to authors, act as initial prerequisites of key problems of law enforcement.peer-reviewe